Urogenetical Cancers

What is Urogenital cancer?

Urogenital cancers / Genitourinary cancers is a specialised field focusing on tumors found in the urinary system and the male reproductive system. These include prostate cancer, kidney cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer and cancers of the penis.

Prostate Cancer: Prostate cancer is the most common from all of these cancers and it occurs in men most frequently after the age of 65. But the mortality rates are low, and patients often recover or keep it under control.

Symptoms: Prostate cancer may cause no signs or symptoms in its early stages. Prostate cancer that's more advanced may cause signs and symptoms such as:

1. Trouble urinating
2. Decreased force in the stream of urine
3. Blood in the urine
4. Blood in the semen
5. Bone pain
6. Losing weight without trying

Testicular cancer: This occurs in the testicles (testes), which are located inside the scrotum, a loose bag of skin underneath the penis. The testicles produce male sex hormones and sperm for reproduction. This cancer usually affects only one testicle.

Symptoms: Signs and symptoms of testicular cancer include:

1. A lump or enlargement in either testicle
2. A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
3. A dull ache in the abdomen or groin
4. A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum
5. Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum
6. Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts
7. Back pain

Kidney cancer: It is also called as renal carcinoma, is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults. It affects twice as many men as women, and most frequently after the age of 65.

Symptoms: Kidney cancer typically doesn't have signs or symptoms in its early stages. In time, signs and symptoms may develop, including:

1. Blood in your urine, which may appear pink, red or cola colored
2. Pain in your back or side that doesn't go away
3. Loss of appetite
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Tiredness
6. Fever

The physician will establish the diagnosis after a clinical exam and abdominal scan. Treatments include surgery and chemotherapy. There are familial forms of kidney cancer; a genetic analysis is therefore often carried out when the disease is diagnosed in a patient aged 30 or 40. If a hereditary predisposition is found, the other members of the family may be closely monitored.

Bladder cancer: Bladder cancer is a common type of cancer that begins in the cells of the bladder. It is linked mainly to smoking and to exposure to some toxic products used in industry.

Symptoms: Bladder cancer signs and symptoms may include:

1. Blood in urine (hematuria), which may cause urine to appear bright red colored
2. Frequent urination
3. Painful urination
4. Back pain